Tibet Three
Tibet Three
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What i saw in TIBET one month ago... What do you think about?
I come just back from the Tibet three weeks ago (in January, 2009) and here is what I saw: 4 or 5 soldiers armed with machine-guns in every entrance of street... groups of 10 or 15 soldiers who walk in the street every 15 minuts... soldiers armed on roofs (if people believe i'm liar, i recorded it)... policemen armed in nightclub (I also filmed this)
What do you think about?
As a Tibetan refugee this is a very grim situation for us. What is going on in Tibet, the brutal policies carried out by the Chinese authorities is exactly what has been happening to us for the last 50 yrs, Only difference now is that they carry out these repressive control of my people in discrete manner as they kick out any foreign press.
Justifying the Chinese Occupation: "Peaceful Liberation"
The Chinese Government maintains that Tibet was "peacefully liberated" in 1951 from both imperialism and a brutal feudal system that was "hell on earth."3 According to this argument, Tibet has been transformed into a "Socialist Heaven" through the introduction of revolutionary socialist measures.
This justification of the invasion of Tibet is no different from the age-old argument of Western colonialism: invasion is good for the social and economic development of the occupied colony. If this charge is true, then the Chinese seem to be not only supporting, but also practicing the very imperialist policy they have long condemned, one of the foundational anathemas of the communist revolution. Moreover, this sort of justification echoes the claims Japan used when it invaded China and other East Asian countries during World War II ¬ that it was creating a "Greater Asian Co-prosperity Sphere." If Chinese justifications for invading Tibet are legitimate, then it is hard to see how the British takeover of Hong Kong and the Japanese invasion of China were unjustified.
More to the point, I believe, one should question the claim that the level of oppressiveness of a government, in this case, Tibet's supposed brutal feudal system, justifies invasion and occupation by another nation. If that logic held true, one could in theory argue that the Soviet Union or the United States would have had the right to occupy China during the Cultural Revolution, a period most Chinese would agree was a period of extreme oppression and bad governance.
Looking closer at this Chinese justification, an even more blatant disconnect with reality is clear. By any objective standard the "liberation" of Tibet could hardly be described as "peaceful." In the immediate aftermath of widespread Tibetan national uprising against Chinese in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), approximately 87,000 Tibetan "enemies" were "eliminated" from March to the beginning of October 1959 alone.4 This figure does not include the number of people who have lost their lives in eastern Tibet since the early 1950s. The Tibetan Government-in-Exile estimates that a total of 1.2 million Tibetans have died as a result of the Communist Chinese occupation as of the 1980s.5 This is a remarkably high number considering the size of the Tibetan population is currently only roughly six million, by Tibetan estimates.6 It is also a fact that Tibetans went through a period of famine as a result of the Great Leap Forward in 1958-61 and experienced even worse suffering during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. Throughout this period of Chinese rule, Tibetans had no reason to feel "liberated." As late as 1980, Communist Party Secretary General Hu Yaobang acknowledged during his official visit to the TAR that "the Communist Party had failed in Tibet. Far from eradicating poverty, in many areas the people's living standards had declined" compared to pre-1950s condition.7
Still, there remains the oft-repeated nationalist argument that Tibet was never independent and has always been part of China. In 1951, shortly after the People's Republic of China was formed, Tibet was forced to sign "the Seventeen Point Agreement," the first and only legal document in which Tibetan sovereignty was surrendered to China.8 On the issue of independence, by now, however, this point has been more or less settled in academic and legal studies on Tibet; with the exception of mainland Chinese scholars, almost all Tibet experts agree that at least during the period of 1913 to 1951, Tibet was either an independent, or de facto independent, country.9
"Old Tibet was a backwards, feudal society and the Dalai Lama was an evil slaveholder"
Beijing (as well as sympathetic Western scholars such as Michael Parenti, Tom Grunfeld and Anna Louise Strong) asserts that "pre-liberation" Tibet was a medieval, oppressive society consisting of "landowners, serfs and slaves." Tashi Rabgay, a Tibetan scholar at Harvard, points out that these three alleged social classes are arbitrary and revisionist classifications that have no basis in reality. There were indeed indentured farmers in old Tibet. There were also merchants, nomads, traders, non-indentured farmers, hunters, bandits, monks, nuns, musicians, aristocrats and artists. Tibetan society was a vast, multifaceted affair, as real societies tend to be. To try to reduce it to three base experiences (and non-representative experiences at that) is to engage in the worst kind of revisionism.
"Tibetans are better off now than they were before the 'peaceful li
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Tibet Three
Sacred Tibet by Sandy Cosser
Tibet has long been held as one of the religious sanctuaries of the world. It is the home of the Tibetan Monk, meditation, spiritual wholeness and inner peace so strong that it disregards the need for all material possessions. We admire Tibet, we crave what it represents and we're a little afraid of it. Many of us forget that Tibet is a country that has the faced the loss of its culture many times over. They had to repel several attempts by the Mongols to invade and were successful through careful debate and compromise. The British, however, were not so easily swayed, especially as they brought the word of Christ with them and were determined to spread it. After them China sought to rule Tibet, which it has done on and off since 1912.
Through it all Tibet has maintained its own way of life. It has held onto the traditions that have defined it as one of the most rural and peaceful counties in the world.
Some areas of Tibet are over 3000 metres above sea level. It is very difficult to grow crops at this height. The most important Tibetan crop is barley. Barley flour is used to make a dough called tsampa, which is their staple food. Tsampa can be rolled into noodles or made into dumplings that are steamed and called momos. Tibetan meat dishes consist of yak, goat and mutton and can be dried or cooked as a spicy stew. Mustard seeds feature a lot in Tibetan cuisine because it is one of the few spices to be cultivated there on a large scale. Yak milk is a versatile commodity featuring in yoghurt, butter and cheese. Well prepared yak yoghurt can be considered an item of prestige and luxury in Tibetan society.
Tibetan dress is still very conservative with most of the population choosing to wear traditional styles rather than western clothes. Women wear dark wrap dresses over a blouse. If a woman is married she will also wear a colourfully striped, woven wool apron. Long sleeves are worn throughout the year by both sexes regardless of the blazing summer months.
A khata is a traditional ceremonious scarf that serves as a versatile gift given on festive occasions. It is made of white silk, which symbolises the pure heat of the giver. The symbolism behind the gift promotes goodwill, auspiciousness and compassion. It is usually given at weddings, funerals, births, graduations, or to a host at the arrival or departure of guests. When it is presented it is accompanied by an acknowledgement of "Tashi Delek", meaning "good luck".
Tibet music is religious music before it is anything else, and reflects the influence of Tibetan Buddhism on the culture. The music also reflects the heritage of the trans-Himalayan region and all ethnic Tibetan groups that are found in India, Bhutan and Nepal. Chanting is an integral part of Tibetan music and is often accompanied by drums.
The Tibetan calendar is a lunisolar calendar, which means that a Tibetan year has either 12 or 13 lunar months in it. Each month begins and ends with a new moon. The 13th month is only added every three years, which makes an average Tibetan year equal to a solar year. Months are referred to by numbers and are not nominal. They associate each year with an animal and an element. The animals alternate in the following order: Hare, Dragon, Horse, Sheep, Ape, Bird, Dog, Pig, Mouse, Bull, and Tiger. The elements also alternate: Fire, Earth, Iron, Water, and Wood.
The Tibetans have a relatively complex system for numbering their years. Each element has 2 consecutive years. It has a male aspect followed by a female aspect: for example a male Earth-Dragon year would be followed by a female Earth-Snake year, which would be followed by a male Iron-Horse year. Tibetans often leave the sex out as the year can be inferred from the animal.
Tibetan festivals are also deeply rooted in religion. Some of the most important festivals are the Losar, Shoton and the Bathing Festival. The Bathing Festival requires that each person take part in it three times in the course of their lifetime: at birth, marriage and death. In Tibetan culture it is believed that bathing is not a casual endeavour, but should rather be saved for the most important occasions only. Festivals are high points in the social calendar and feature many entertaining activities such as yak racing, which suggests that perhaps the bathing should be saved for the conclusion of the festivities.
Recommended site:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_culture
About the Author
Sandra wrote this article for the online marketers Language and Culture News language and culture news one of the leading providers of news in the different languages and cultures to be found worldwide.
Kitaro - Tibet from Celestial Scenery Faraway Land Vol.3 (short ver.)
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